Introduction
This project compiles publicly available data, reports, and judicial observations related to caste-based laws and policies in India. The aim is to enable informed and constructive discussion without advocating for or against any caste group.
The repository covers the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, trends in conviction and acquittal rates, independent research on perpetrator composition, higher education equity regulations, documented misuse discussed in courts, and reservation reclassifications.
Key Themes
- Reported atrocities against SC/ST communities have increased over time.
- Conviction rates remain relatively low in many years.
- UGC’s 2026 equity regulations followed a rise in campus complaints.
- Independent studies indicate OBC-majority accused composition in several states.
- No systematic data exists on caste-motivated crimes against general categories.
Reported Atrocities Against SC/ST
| Year | SC Cases | ST Cases | Total | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 50,291 | 8,272 | 58,563 | 9.4% increase from 2019 |
| 2021 | 50,900 | 8,802 | 59,702 | 3,788 rape cases against SC women |
| 2022 | 51,656 | 9,735 | 61,391 | Conviction rate approx. 32% |
| 2023 | 57,582 | 10,899 | 68,481 | Highest in MP, Rajasthan, Bihar |
Misuse and Data Gaps
Courtes have repeatedly clarified that not every dispute involving an SC/ST complainant attracts the PoA Act. High acquittal rates are often attributed to lack of evidence, procedural lapses, or non-caste disputes.
Crimes against general category individuals are recorded under general IPC provisions without caste-motive tagging, resulting in a structural data gap.
Sources and Disclaimer
All information is drawn from NCRB reports, court judgments, government notifications, and published studies. This site is for informational and research purposes only and does not constitute legal advice.